Alternatives to zookeeper

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In the next chapter.Zookeeper - InstallationBefore installing ZooKeeper, make sure your system is running on any of the following operating systems −Any of Linux OS − Supports development and deployment. It is preferred for demo applications.Windows OS − Supports only development.Mac OS − Supports only development.ZooKeeper server is created in Java and it runs on JVM. You need to use JDK 6 or greater.Now, follow the steps given below to install ZooKeeper framework on your machine.Step 1: Verifying Java InstallationWe believe you already have a Java environment installed on your system. Just verify it using the following command.$ java -versionIf you have Java installed on your machine, then you could see the version of installed Java. Otherwise, follow the simple steps given below to install the latest version of Java.Step 1.1: Download JDKDownload the latest version of JDK by visiting the following link and download the latest version. JavaThe latest version (while writing this tutorial) is JDK 8u 60 and the file is “jdk-8u60-linuxx64.tar.gz”. Please download the file on your machine.Step 1.2: Extract the filesGenerally, files are downloaded to the downloads folder. Verify it and extract the tar setup using the following commands.$ cd /go/to/download/path$ tar -zxf jdk-8u60-linux-x64.gzStep 1.3: Move to opt directoryTo make Java available to all users, move the extracted java content to “/usr/local/java” folder.$ su password: (type password of root user)$ mkdir /opt/jdk$ mv jdk-1.8.0_60 /opt/jdk/Step 1.4: Set pathTo set path and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.export JAVA_HOME = /usr/jdk/jdk-1.8.0_60export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/binNow, apply all the changes into the current running system.$ source ~/.bashrcStep 1.5: Java alternativesUse the following command to change Java alternatives.update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_60/bin/java 100Step 1.6Verify the Java installation using the verification command (java -version) explained in Step 1.Step 2: ZooKeeper Framework InstallationStep 2.1: Download ZooKeeperTo install ZooKeeper framework on your machine, visit the following link and download the latest version of ZooKeeper. of now, the latest version of ZooKeeper is 3.4.6 (ZooKeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz).Step 2.2: Extract the tar fileExtract the tar file using the following commands −$ cd opt/$ tar -zxf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz$ cd zookeeper-3.4.6$ mkdir dataStep 2.3: Create configuration fileOpen the configuration file named conf/zoo.cfg using the command vi conf/zoo.cfg and all the following parameters to set as starting point.$ vi conf/zoo.cfgtickTime = 2000dataDir = /path/to/zookeeper/dataclientPort = 2181initLimit = 5syncLimit = 2Once the configuration file has been saved successfully, return to the terminal again. You can now start the zookeeper server.Step 2.4:

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Childrenclose − close a connectionConnect to the ZooKeeper EnsembleThe ZooKeeper class provides connection functionality through its constructor. The signature of the constructor is as follows −ZooKeeper(String connectionString, int sessionTimeout, Watcher watcher)Where,connectionString − ZooKeeper ensemble host.sessionTimeout − session timeout in milliseconds.watcher − an object implementing “Watcher” interface. The ZooKeeper ensemble returns the connection status through the watcher object.Let us create a new helper class ZooKeeperConnection and add a method connect. The connect method creates a ZooKeeper object, connects to the ZooKeeper ensemble, and then returns the object.Here CountDownLatch is used to stop (wait) the main process until the client connects with the ZooKeeper ensemble.The ZooKeeper ensemble replies the connection status through the Watcher callback. The Watcher callback will be called once the client connects with the ZooKeeper ensemble and the Watcher callback calls the countDown method of the CountDownLatch to release the lock, await in the main process.Here is the complete code to connect with a ZooKeeper ensemble.Coding: ZooKeeperConnection.java// import java classesimport java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;// import zookeeper classesimport org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;import org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.StatCallback;import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.Code;import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;public class ZooKeeperConnection { // declare zookeeper instance to access ZooKeeper ensemble private ZooKeeper zoo; final CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1); // Method to connect zookeeper ensemble. public ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException,InterruptedException { zoo = new ZooKeeper(host,5000,new Watcher() { public void process(WatchedEvent we) { if (we.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) { connectedSignal.countDown(); } } }); connectedSignal.await(); return zoo; } // Method to disconnect from zookeeper server public void close() throws InterruptedException { zoo.close(); }}Save the above code and it will be used in the next section for connecting the ZooKeeper ensemble.Create a ZnodeThe ZooKeeper class provides create method to create a new znode in the ZooKeeper ensemble. The signature of the create method is as follows −create(String path, byte[] data, List acl, CreateMode createMode)Where,path − Znode path. For example, /myapp1, /myapp2, /myapp1/mydata1, myapp2/mydata1/myanothersubdatadata − data to store in a specified znode pathacl − access control list of the node to be created. ZooKeeper API provides a static interface ZooDefs.Ids to get some of basic acl list. For example, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE returns a list of acl for open znodes.createMode − the type of node, either ephemeral, sequential, or both. This is an enum.Let us create a new Java application to check the create functionality of the ZooKeeper API. Create a file ZKCreate.java. In the main method, create an object of type ZooKeeperConnection and call the connect method to connect to

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Start ZooKeeper serverExecute the following command −$ bin/zkServer.sh startAfter executing this command, you will get a response as follows −$ JMX enabled by default$ Using config: /Users/../zookeeper-3.4.6/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg$ Starting zookeeper ... STARTEDStep 2.5: Start CLIType the following command −$ bin/zkCli.shAfter typing the above command, you will be connected to the ZooKeeper server and you should get the following response.Connecting to localhost:2181................................................Welcome to ZooKeeper!................................WATCHER::WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type: None path:null[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0]Stop ZooKeeper ServerAfter connecting the server and performing all the operations, you can stop the zookeeper server by using the following command.$ bin/zkServer.sh stopZookeeper - CLIZooKeeper Command Line Interface (CLI) is used to interact with the ZooKeeper ensemble for development purpose. It is useful for debugging and working around with different options.To perform ZooKeeper CLI operations, first turn on your ZooKeeper server (“bin/zkServer.sh start”) and then, ZooKeeper client (“bin/zkCli.sh”). Once the client starts, you can perform the following operation −Create znodesGet dataWatch znode for changesSet dataCreate children of a znodeList children of a znodeCheck StatusRemove / Delete a znodeNow let us see above command one by one with an example.Create ZnodesCreate a znode with the given path. The flag argument specifies whether the created znode will be ephemeral, persistent, or sequential. By default, all znodes are persistent.Ephemeral znodes (flag: e) will be automatically deleted when a session expires or when the client disconnects.Sequential znodes guaranty that the znode path will be unique.ZooKeeper ensemble will add sequence number along with 10 digit padding to the znode path. For example, the znode path /myapp will be converted to /myapp0000000001 and the next sequence number will be /myapp0000000002. If no flags are specified, then the znode is considered as persistent.Syntaxcreate /path /dataSamplecreate /FirstZnode “Myfirstzookeeper-app”Output[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /FirstZnode “Myfirstzookeeper-app”Created /FirstZnodeTo create a Sequential znode, add -s flag as shown below.Syntaxcreate -s /path /dataSamplecreate -s /FirstZnode second-dataOutput[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create -s /FirstZnode “second-data”Created /FirstZnode0000000023To create an Ephemeral Znode, add -e flag as shown below.Syntaxcreate -e /path /dataSamplecreate -e /SecondZnode “Ephemeral-data”Output[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create -e /SecondZnode “Ephemeral-data”Created /SecondZnodeRemember when a client connection is lost, the ephemeral znode will be deleted. You can try it by quitting the ZooKeeper CLI and then re-opening the CLI.Get DataIt returns the associated data of the znode and metadata of the specified znode. You will get information such as when the data was last modified, where it was modified, and information about the data. This CLI is also used to assign watches to. Kubernetes-zookeeper Alternatives Similar projects and alternatives to kubernetes-zookeeper based on common topics and language kubernetes-zookeeper. Suggest alternative; Edit

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IST 2015mZxid = 0x7fmtime = Tue Sep 29 17:14:24 IST 2015pZxid = 0x7fcversion = 0dataVersion = 1aclVersion = 0ephemeralOwner = 0x0dataLength = 23numChildren = 0Remove a ZnodeRemoves a specified znode and recursively all its children. This would happen only if such a znode is available.Syntaxrmr /pathSamplermr /FirstZnodeOutput[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] rmr /FirstZnode[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] get /FirstZnodeNode does not exist: /FirstZnodeDelete (delete /path) command is similar to remove command, except the fact that it works only on znodes with no children.Zookeeper - APIZooKeeper has an official API binding for Java and C. The ZooKeeper community provides unofficial API for most of the languages (.NET, python, etc.). Using ZooKeeper API, an application can connect, interact, manipulate data, coordinate, and finally disconnect from a ZooKeeper ensemble.ZooKeeper API has a rich set of features to get all the functionality of the ZooKeeper ensemble in a simple and safe manner. ZooKeeper API provides both synchronous and asynchronous methods.ZooKeeper ensemble and ZooKeeper API completely complement each other in every aspect and it benefits the developers in a great way. Let us discuss Java binding in this chapter.Basics of ZooKeeper APIApplication interacting with ZooKeeper ensemble is referred as ZooKeeper Client or simply Client.Znode is the core component of ZooKeeper ensemble and ZooKeeper API provides a small set of methods to manipulate all the details of znode with ZooKeeper ensemble.A client should follow the steps given below to have a clear and clean interaction with ZooKeeper ensemble.Connect to the ZooKeeper ensemble. ZooKeeper ensemble assign a Session ID for the client.Send heartbeats to the server periodically. Otherwise, the ZooKeeper ensemble expires the Session ID and the client needs to reconnect.Get / Set the znodes as long as a session ID is active.Disconnect from the ZooKeeper ensemble, once all the tasks are completed. If the client is inactive for a prolonged time, then the ZooKeeper ensemble will automatically disconnect the client.Java BindingLet us understand the most important set of ZooKeeper API in this chapter. The central part of the ZooKeeper API is ZooKeeper class. It provides options to connect the ZooKeeper ensemble in its constructor and has the following methods −connect − connect to the ZooKeeper ensemblecreate − create a znodeexists − check whether a znode exists and its informationgetData − get data from a particular znodesetData − set data in a particular znodegetChildren − get all sub-nodes available in a particular znodedelete − get a particular znode and all its

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And running the program will output the above created znodes.myfirstsubnodemysecondsubnodeDelete a ZnodeThe ZooKeeper class provides delete method to delete a specified znode. The signature of the delete method is as follows −delete(String path, int version)Where,path − Znode path.version − Current version of the znode.Let us create a new Java application to understand the delete functionality of the ZooKeeper API. Create a file ZKDelete.java. In the main method, create a ZooKeeper object zk using ZooKeeperConnection object. Then, call the delete method of zk object with the specified path and version of the node.The complete program code to delete a znode is as follows −Coding: ZKDelete.javaimport org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;public class ZKDelete { private static ZooKeeper zk; private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; // Method to check existence of znode and its status, if znode is available. public static void delete(String path) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { zk.delete(path,zk.exists(path,true).getVersion()); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException { String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; //Assign path to the znode try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); delete(path); //delete the node with the specified path } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); // catches error messages } }}Zookeeper - ApplicationsZookeeper provides a flexible coordination infrastructure for distributed environment. ZooKeeper framework supports many of the today's best industrial applications. We will discuss some of the most notable applications of ZooKeeper in this chapter.Yahoo!The ZooKeeper framework was originally built at “Yahoo!”. A well-designed distributed application needs to meet requirements such as data transparency, better performance, robustness, centralized configuration, and coordination. So, they designed the ZooKeeper framework to meet these requirements.Apache HadoopApache Hadoop is the driving force behind the growth of Big Data industry. Hadoop relies on ZooKeeper for configuration management and coordination. Let us take a scenario to understand the role of ZooKeeper in Hadoop.Assume that a Hadoop cluster bridges 100 or more commodity servers. Therefore, there’s a need for coordination and naming services. As computation of large number of nodes are involved, each node needs to synchronize with each other, know where to access services, and know how they should be configured. At this point of time, Hadoop clusters require cross-node services. ZooKeeper provides the facilities for cross-node synchronization and ensures the tasks across Hadoop projects are serialized and synchronized.Multiple ZooKeeper servers support large Hadoop clusters. Each client machine communicates with one of the ZooKeeper servers to retrieve and update its synchronization information. Some of the real-time examples are −Human Genome Project −

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The ZooKeeper ensemble.The connect method will return the ZooKeeper object zk. Now, call the create method of zk object with custom path and data.The complete program code to create a znode is as follows −Coding: ZKCreate.javaimport java.io.IOException;import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;public class ZKCreate { // create static instance for zookeeper class. private static ZooKeeper zk; // create static instance for ZooKeeperConnection class. private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; // Method to create znode in zookeeper ensemble public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { zk.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT); } public static void main(String[] args) { // znode path String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; // Assign path to znode // data in byte array byte[] data = "My first zookeeper app”.getBytes(); // Declare data try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); create(path, data); // Create the data to the specified path conn.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); //Catch error message } }}Once the application is compiled and executed, a znode with the specified data will be created in the ZooKeeper ensemble. You can check it using the ZooKeeper CLI zkCli.sh.cd /path/to/zookeeperbin/zkCli.sh>>> get /MyFirstZnodeExists – Check the Existence of a ZnodeThe ZooKeeper class provides the exists method to check the existence of a znode. It returns the metadata of a znode, if the specified znode exists. The signature of the exists method is as follows −exists(String path, boolean watcher)Where,path − Znode pathwatcher − boolean value to specify whether to watch a specified znode or notLet us create a new Java application to check the “exists” functionality of the ZooKeeper API. Create a file “ZKExists.java”. In the main method, create ZooKeeper object, “zk” using “ZooKeeperConnection” object. Then, call “exists” method of “zk” object with custom “path”. The complete listing is as follow −Coding: ZKExists.javaimport java.io.IOException;import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;public class ZKExists { private static ZooKeeper zk; private static ZooKeeperConnection conn; // Method to check existence of znode and its status, if znode is available. public static Stat znode_exists(String path) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException { return zk.exists(path, true); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException { String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; // Assign znode to the specified path try { conn = new ZooKeeperConnection(); zk = conn.connect("localhost"); Stat stat = znode_exists(path); // Stat checks the path of the znode if(stat != null) { System.out.println("Node exists and the node version is " + stat.getVersion()); } else { System.out.println("Node does not

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Querying in ClickHouse CloudThe data in this system table is held locally on each node in ClickHouse Cloud. Obtaining a complete view of all data, therefore, requires the clusterAllReplicas function. See here for further details.This table does not exist if ZooKeeper is not configured. The 'system.zookeeper_connection' table shows current connections to ZooKeeper (including auxiliary ZooKeepers). Each row shows information about one connection.Columns:name (String) — ZooKeeper cluster's name.host (String) — The hostname/IP of the ZooKeeper node that ClickHouse connected to.port (String) — The port of the ZooKeeper node that ClickHouse connected to.index (UInt8) — The index of the ZooKeeper node that ClickHouse connected to. The index is from ZooKeeper config.connected_time (DateTime) — When the connection was establishedsession_uptime_elapsed_seconds (UInt64) — Seconds elapsed since the connection was establishedis_expired (UInt8) — Is the current connection expired.keeper_api_version (String) — Keeper API version.client_id (UInt64) — Session id of the connection.xid (Int32) — Xid of the current session.Example:. Kubernetes-zookeeper Alternatives Similar projects and alternatives to kubernetes-zookeeper based on common topics and language kubernetes-zookeeper. Suggest alternative; Edit Kubernetes-zookeeper Alternatives Similar projects and alternatives to kubernetes-zookeeper based on common topics and language kubernetes-zookeeper. Suggest alternative; Edit

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Within the Kafka deployment architecture.Complicated deploymentWhile Zookeeper is an integral part of Kafka’s architecture, it is is an auxiliary application for Kafka's functionality. It is yet another distributed system that requires additonal hardware provisioning, administration, and monitoring. As a result, developers have to manage two loosely coupled applications, increasing the operational complexity of a Kafka deployment. Removing the dependency on Zookeeper reduces the operational burden of Kafka.Additionally, Zookeeper-based Kafka can only be started with multiple daemons. Removing the ZooKeeper dependency helps Kafka support a single-node deployment for development or testing purposes.Availability issuesThere are scenarios where ZooKeeper leaves Kafka brokers in a divergent state. At times notifications about state changes may only reach some brokers, and ZooKeeper mode does not have any recovery strategies other than a fixed amount of retries. Moving away from ZooKeeper allows Kafka to use its own topics to store the events related to state changes.The state is stored as a set of events in a predefined Kafka topic with each event having an offset. In the event of a failure, brokers easily catch up and synchronize by replaying all events after their current offset. This helps in lowering the latency of metadata reads. Hence Kafka can recover a lot more quickly while in KRaft mode compared to Zookeeper mode.Security and scalabilityZooKeeper was a limiting factor for the maximum number of partitions in a cluster. Replacing ZooKeeper helps Kafka to support a much larger number of partitions. Ensuring Zookeeper’s security model and upgrades are in sync with

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More operations waiting for each other to complete indefinitely.Inconsistency − Partial failure of data.What is Apache ZooKeeper Meant For?Apache ZooKeeper is a service used by a cluster (group of nodes) to coordinate between themselves and maintain shared data with robust synchronization techniques. ZooKeeper is itself a distributed application providing services for writing a distributed application.The common services provided by ZooKeeper are as follows −Naming service − Identifying the nodes in a cluster by name. It is similar to DNS, but for nodes.Configuration management − Latest and up-to-date configuration information of the system for a joining node.Cluster management − Joining / leaving of a node in a cluster and node status at real time.Leader election − Electing a node as leader for coordination purpose.Locking and synchronization service − Locking the data while modifying it. This mechanism helps you in automatic fail recovery while connecting other distributed applications like Apache HBase.Highly reliable data registry − Availability of data even when one or a few nodes are down.Distributed applications offer a lot of benefits, but they throw a few complex and hard-to-crack challenges as well. ZooKeeper framework provides a complete mechanism to overcome all the challenges. Race condition and deadlock are handled using fail-safe synchronization approach. Another main drawback is inconsistency of data, which ZooKeeper resolves with atomicity.Benefits of ZooKeeperHere are the benefits of using ZooKeeper −Simple distributed coordination processSynchronization − Mutual exclusion and co-operation between server processes. This process helps in Apache HBase for configuration management.Ordered MessagesSerialization − Encode the data according to specific rules. Ensure your application runs consistently. This approach can be used in MapReduce to coordinate queue to execute running threads.ReliabilityAtomicity − Data transfer either succeed or fail completely, but no transaction is partial.Zookeeper - FundamentalsBefore going deep into the working of ZooKeeper, let us take a look at the fundamental concepts of ZooKeeper. We will discuss the following topics in this chapter −ArchitectureHierarchical namespaceSessionWatchesArchitecture of ZooKeeperTake a look at the following diagram. It depicts the “Client-Server Architecture” of ZooKeeper.Each one of the components that is a part of the ZooKeeper architecture has been explained in the following table. PartDescriptionClientClients, one of the nodes in our distributed application cluster, access information from the server. For a particular time interval, every client sends a message to the server to let the sever know that the client is alive.Similarly, the server sends an acknowledgement when a client connects. If there is. Kubernetes-zookeeper Alternatives Similar projects and alternatives to kubernetes-zookeeper based on common topics and language kubernetes-zookeeper. Suggest alternative; Edit Kubernetes-zookeeper Alternatives Similar projects and alternatives to kubernetes-zookeeper based on common topics and language kubernetes-zookeeper. Suggest alternative; Edit

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Be started in the case of ZooKeeper-based architecture.Reduction of delay in failoverIn many cases, ZooKeeper messages often fail to reach all brokers on time, resulting in slow failover and unstable systems. Understanding Zookeeper-based Kafka architectureKafka is a distributed streaming data platform and a reliable event store. Kafka architecture consists of a set of brokers assembled as a cluster with one of them designated as the Kafka controller or the leader broker. By default, the broker who gets started first becomes the controller.Its working model comprises message producers, consumers, and topics. The topics are stored as multiple partitions, and partitions have replicas. Different brokers store partition replicas, with one of the brokers being the designated leader for each partition.A controlling mechanism that keeps track of the state of topics, partitions, and brokers is needed for such an architecture to work. This is where ZooKeeper comes in. ZooKeeper manages the following activities in a Kafka Cluster.Monitors the heartbeat messages from brokers and keeps track of the Kafka controller.Stores the partition metadata that includes the state of in-sync replicas and the broker that acts as the partition's leader.Stores the details of the topics like a list of topics, number of partitions for each topic, location of replicas, configuration details for topics, etc.As you can observe, Zookeeper plays a key role during changes in a Kafka cluster—for instance, broker failures, onboarding new brokers, new topics, deletions, etc.Reasons for moving away from ZooKeeperEven though ZooKeeper is a reliable distributed coordination system, it creates several bottlenecks