Host bits calculator
Author: m | 2025-04-24
Calculating Hosts and Subnets How to Calculate the Number of Hosts. To calculate the number of possible hosts in a subnet: Determine the Number of Host Bits: Subtract the network prefix length from 32 (total bits in IPv4). Calculate Hosts: Use the formula 2^n - 2, where n is the number of host bits. Example: Subnet Mask: /24; Host Bits: 32 - 24 = 8
How to calculate the subnet mask and the host bits?
Do you have to calculate IP subnets every now and then? If you are forgetful like me, then you will scratch your head every time you try to remember how subnet masks, subnet addresses, mask bits, host bits etc. are related. Well, scratching my head doesn't really help, so I go to this site for another IP math lesson. With SolarWinds Advanced Subnet Calculator, you don't have to do the math yourself. However, a basic understanding of IP addressing is necessary. Author Recent Posts Michael Pietroforte is the founder and editor in chief of 4sysops. He has more than 35 years of experience in IT management and system administration. Advanced Subnet Calculator comes with the following tools: IP address details: Gives you the following information : hostname, response time, hex address, binary address, address class info, and information about the owner of the address Classful subnet calculator: Allows you to calculate subnets based on subnet mask, mask bits, host bits, number of subnets and hosts per subnet. You only have to set one of these parameters for the calculation. For example, you tell the calculator how many subnets you need, and the tool does the rest of the work for you.CIDR calculator: This feature allows you to calculate Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) addresses 192.168.100.1/24 is an example of an address in CIDR notification.Subnet addresses: With this tool, you can generate a list of IP addresses that belong to a certain subnet.All tools allow you to export the generated information into different formats such as text, HTML, and Excel spreadsheet format. This is useful for documentation or for importing the data into a router or firewall.SolarWinds Advanced Subnet Calculator
How to find Network Bits and Host Bits? - Subnet Calculator
Your needs for now and for the future. How many subnets and hosts you need and you will need in the future? According to these needs, you can determine Subnetting and divide your IP Prefix into smaller parts.Subnetting Examples, Example 4In the last of these Subnetting Examples, we will see our network’s needs and according to these needs, we will determine our IP Address Prefixes.We will use the below topology. And we have given 192.168.1.0/24 IP Address.As you can see, in this topology, there are four subnets and each subnets host address need is also given.Subnet 1 = 28 hostsSubnet 2 = 52 hostsSubnet 3 = 15 hostSubnet 4 = 5 hostsTo overcome this Subnetting issue, firstly we determine the host bits for each subnet.For the first subnet; we need 5 host bits.With 5 bits we can have 2^5=32 addresses. This means that there are 32-2 usable host addresses.For the second subnet; we need 6 host bits. With 6 bits we can have 2^6=64 addresses. This means that there are 64-2 usable host addresses.For the third subnet; we need 5 host bits. With 5 bits we can have 2^5=32 addresses. You can think that we can use 2^4=16 address. But we can not. Because, one of the address is used for broadcast address and the other is for network address.This means that there are 14 usable addresses.For the fourth subnet; we need 3 host bits. With 3 bits we can have 2^3=8 addresses. This means that there are 8-2 usable host addresses.Now let’s pick it up.For first subnet, our Subnet Mask will be /27 (27 network bits and 5 host bits. 5+27=32)For second subnet, our Subnet Mask will be /26 (26 network bits and 6 host bits. 6+26=32)For third subnet, our Subnet Mask will be /27 (27 network bits and 5 host bits. 5+27=32)For fourth subnet, our Subnet Mask will be /29 (29 network bits and 3 host bits. 3+29=32)Here, the router interfaces will also need IP address. So, for each subnet, one IP address will be go to the Router interface.Remember, we have given an IP address 192.168.1.0/24. Let’s divide this Prefix accourding to the above values.Let’s begin with the bigest network. If we use /26 with 192.168.1.0 like 192.168.1.0/26, then we will have 4 subnets. The given Subnet was 24 and our new subnet is 26. 26-24=2 and 2^2=4 subnets.192.168.1.0/26192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.128/26192.168.1.192/26We will use the first one for the Subnet 2. (192.168.1.0/26)Now, for the first and third subnet, let’s use the second block (192.168.1.64/26) and divide it again.If we divide it by borrowing a bit again, then we will have two subnets.192.168.1.64/27192.168.1.96/27We can use these two Prefixes for first and second subnet.And lastly, for the small subnet, we can useipv4 - Calculate subnet bits and host bits - Stack Overflow
There are 11 host bits, then the number of possible host addresses in this subnet isSubtractive MethodThe subtraction method is useful when given the dotted-decimal subnet mask instead of a prefix length. Subtract the dotted-decimal octet containing the first zero from 256, then multiply this value by 256 for each remaining octet containing zeros. For example, in a network with a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0, one calculates 256 - 248 = 8 from the first subnet, then multiplies 8 * 256 = 2048 to find an IPv4 subnet with a 25-bit prefix has 2048 host addresses.Is this shortcut mathematically valid? Yes. Let's explore why, but first, let's look at the "right way" to calculate the number of host addresses in a subnet.Every bit doublesLet's simplify everything by imagining an address system that uses only eight bits and maintains the bit order (most significant bits first). Now let's say you subnet these tiny addresses, again starting from the left, with a mask just like IP where the left bits are all on and right bits are all off. An example netmask might be 240, in binary, 11110000, with gives us 2^4 = 16 available host addresses. Using the dotted decimal method, 256 - 240 also gives us 16. Another way to express 256 - 240 is 2^8 - 240. We get 240 from the bits turned on in binary 11110000, so another way to express 240 is 2^7 + 2^6 + 2^5 + 2^4.One unique and useful property of binary arithmetic. Calculating Hosts and Subnets How to Calculate the Number of Hosts. To calculate the number of possible hosts in a subnet: Determine the Number of Host Bits: Subtract the network prefix length from 32 (total bits in IPv4). Calculate Hosts: Use the formula 2^n - 2, where n is the number of host bits. Example: Subnet Mask: /24; Host Bits: 32 - 24 = 8GitHub - brh55/min-host-bits: :low_brightness: Calculate minimum host
Descripción del Emulador de Calculadora TI WabbitemuWabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64 bits) es una aplicación gratuita para Windows desarrollada por BuckeyeDude. Pertenece a la categoría de Calculadoras y Convertidores. Este emulador permite a los usuarios simular calculadoras de Texas Instruments en sus sistemas Windows, proporcionando una plataforma virtual para fines educativos y profesionales.Con Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator, los usuarios pueden experimentar la funcionalidad de las calculadoras TI sin necesidad de un dispositivo físico. Este software es beneficioso para estudiantes, educadores y profesionales que dependen de las calculadoras TI para su trabajo o estudios. Su versión de 64 bits garantiza compatibilidad con los sistemas operativos Windows modernos, ofreciendo una herramienta conveniente y accesible para diversos cálculos matemáticos.Programa disponible en otros idiomasWabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) 다운로드 [KO]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) bezpieczne pobieranie [PL]Télécharger Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) [FR]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) download [PT]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) تنزيل [AR]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) Скачать [RU]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit)下载 [ZH]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) Download [DE]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) download [EN]Ladda ner Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) [SV]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) download [NL]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) โปรแกรมดาวน์โหลด [TH]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) tải về [VI]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit)ダウンロード [JA]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) Unduh [ID]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) indir [TR]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) scarica [IT]Descubre más programasÚltimos artículosLas leyes que rigen el uso de este software varían de un país a otro. Ni fomentamos ni aprobamos el uso de este programa siCalculating Subnet Numbers and Host Bits for a New LAN: A
Equals of IP address and Subnet and use AND again.IP Add : 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110010SubM : 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100AND : 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110000The result of AND operation is the Network Address. This is 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110000 in binary. The decimal value of this is 10.128.240.48.Here, the last two bits are host bits and the other bits are network bits. When we set all the host bits with 1s, we will find the Broadcast Address. This is 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110011 in binary. The decimal value is 10.128.240.51.The middle addresses can be used for hosts. These addresses are 10.128.240.49 and 10.128.240.50.Network Address : 10.128.240.48Host Addresses : 10.128.240.49 and 10.128.240.50Broadcast Address : 10.128.240.51/30 addresses are generally used in Service Provider Networks. So, you can work with /30 too much in the future.Subnetting Example 3Now, let’s do a comparison example and see the benefits of Subnetting.Think about 172.16.100.0/24 prefix and 172.16.100.0/28 prefix. As you can see, the only difference is Subnet Mask. In the first prefix, first 24 bits is network bits and the last 8 bits (32-24) are the host bits. In the second prefix, first 28 bits are network bits and the last 4 bits (32-28) are host bits.Let’s firstly talk about the first Prefix. We will write the IP Address and the Subnet Mask of this Prefix in binary format:172.16.100.0 = 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000255.255.255.0 =11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000When we use AND operation, our network address is 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 (the same as the IP showed in prefix by change). This is 172.16.100.0 .And the Broadcast address is 172.16.100.255. The other 254 IP addresses are host IP addresses.172.16.100.1172.16.100.2….172.16.100.254For the first prefix, we have only one network that has 254 hosts.Now, let’s check the second prefix. 172.16.100.0 /28.172.16.100.0 = 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000255.255.255.240 =11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000When we use AND operation here, our network address will be the same, in binary 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 or in decimal 172.16.100.0. But our Broadcast address will change, because our host bits are only the last 4 bits anymore.10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 network address (172.16.100.0)10101100.00010000.01100100.00001111 broadcast address (172.16.100.15)This is for the first network. We divide the network by using higher Subnet Mask. So, let’s look at the other networks:10101100.00010000.01100100.0001000010101100.00010000.01100100.0010000010101100.00010000.01100100.0011000010101100.00010000.01100100.01000000….10101100.00010000.01100100.11110000As you can see, we have 16 networks. We have devide a Prefix, into smaller 16 different Prefix. Eaach of these Prefix has 14 host address, 1 broadcast address and 1 network address.So, if we use a given address with a higher Subnet Mask value like given in the second example, we will have more networks. In other words, we can divide the network into smaller pieces. So, we will not waste the IP Addresses. Smaller networks that has few hosts do not need more addresses. With Subnetting, using a small network with few host addresses is a way of best practice of a network engineer.Before the usage of an IP Prefix, it is better to checkCalculating Subnets: Host Bits, Subnet Mask CIDR Block
William John Holden2014-01-20 Introduction Exponential Method Subtractive Method Every Bit Doubles Demonstration ConclusionIntroductionSubnetting is among the most difficult subjects to teach in introductory networking classes. Factors that teaching difficult include the transition from decimal to binary (and later hexidecimal), the obscurity of the dotted-decimal subnet mask, and surprising simplicity of the subject. One topic always covered in introductory networking classes is to find the size of a subnet given a prefix or subnet mask. I have seen two techniques, and in this paper I will name them the "exponential method" and the "subtractive method".Note: IPv4 subnets use the first subnet address, with all host bits zero, for a network identifier and last address, with all host bits one, as a directed broadcast address. This paper ignores this detail because it is not relevant and does not apply to IPv6.Let n be the total length of your address (32 for IPv4, 128 for IPv6). p is the prefix of high-ordered bits used for addressing networks, thus h, the number of low-ordered bits used for addressing hosts, is given by n = p + h.Exponential MethodThe leftmost (high-ordered) bits indicate the network address, while the rightmost (low-ordered) bits indicate the hosts on that network:pppppppp.pppppppp.ppppphhh.hhhhhhhhIn the above address, the first 21 bits in orange represent the network prefix, and the remaining 11 bits in brown indicate the host bits.To calculate the number of hosts available in the subnet, simply compute two raised to the number of host bits.So in the above example, where. Calculating Hosts and Subnets How to Calculate the Number of Hosts. To calculate the number of possible hosts in a subnet: Determine the Number of Host Bits: Subtract the network prefix length from 32 (total bits in IPv4). Calculate Hosts: Use the formula 2^n - 2, where n is the number of host bits. Example: Subnet Mask: /24; Host Bits: 32 - 24 = 8 Subnet calculator allows calculation for 255.255.255.254. Host Bits. Subnet bits are the number of bits used to identify subnet. IP network is divided into network prefix and host identifier. Host bits are there to identify hosts and it is divided into subnet and host identifier.Comments
Do you have to calculate IP subnets every now and then? If you are forgetful like me, then you will scratch your head every time you try to remember how subnet masks, subnet addresses, mask bits, host bits etc. are related. Well, scratching my head doesn't really help, so I go to this site for another IP math lesson. With SolarWinds Advanced Subnet Calculator, you don't have to do the math yourself. However, a basic understanding of IP addressing is necessary. Author Recent Posts Michael Pietroforte is the founder and editor in chief of 4sysops. He has more than 35 years of experience in IT management and system administration. Advanced Subnet Calculator comes with the following tools: IP address details: Gives you the following information : hostname, response time, hex address, binary address, address class info, and information about the owner of the address Classful subnet calculator: Allows you to calculate subnets based on subnet mask, mask bits, host bits, number of subnets and hosts per subnet. You only have to set one of these parameters for the calculation. For example, you tell the calculator how many subnets you need, and the tool does the rest of the work for you.CIDR calculator: This feature allows you to calculate Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) addresses 192.168.100.1/24 is an example of an address in CIDR notification.Subnet addresses: With this tool, you can generate a list of IP addresses that belong to a certain subnet.All tools allow you to export the generated information into different formats such as text, HTML, and Excel spreadsheet format. This is useful for documentation or for importing the data into a router or firewall.SolarWinds Advanced Subnet Calculator
2025-04-04Your needs for now and for the future. How many subnets and hosts you need and you will need in the future? According to these needs, you can determine Subnetting and divide your IP Prefix into smaller parts.Subnetting Examples, Example 4In the last of these Subnetting Examples, we will see our network’s needs and according to these needs, we will determine our IP Address Prefixes.We will use the below topology. And we have given 192.168.1.0/24 IP Address.As you can see, in this topology, there are four subnets and each subnets host address need is also given.Subnet 1 = 28 hostsSubnet 2 = 52 hostsSubnet 3 = 15 hostSubnet 4 = 5 hostsTo overcome this Subnetting issue, firstly we determine the host bits for each subnet.For the first subnet; we need 5 host bits.With 5 bits we can have 2^5=32 addresses. This means that there are 32-2 usable host addresses.For the second subnet; we need 6 host bits. With 6 bits we can have 2^6=64 addresses. This means that there are 64-2 usable host addresses.For the third subnet; we need 5 host bits. With 5 bits we can have 2^5=32 addresses. You can think that we can use 2^4=16 address. But we can not. Because, one of the address is used for broadcast address and the other is for network address.This means that there are 14 usable addresses.For the fourth subnet; we need 3 host bits. With 3 bits we can have 2^3=8 addresses. This means that there are 8-2 usable host addresses.Now let’s pick it up.For first subnet, our Subnet Mask will be /27 (27 network bits and 5 host bits. 5+27=32)For second subnet, our Subnet Mask will be /26 (26 network bits and 6 host bits. 6+26=32)For third subnet, our Subnet Mask will be /27 (27 network bits and 5 host bits. 5+27=32)For fourth subnet, our Subnet Mask will be /29 (29 network bits and 3 host bits. 3+29=32)Here, the router interfaces will also need IP address. So, for each subnet, one IP address will be go to the Router interface.Remember, we have given an IP address 192.168.1.0/24. Let’s divide this Prefix accourding to the above values.Let’s begin with the bigest network. If we use /26 with 192.168.1.0 like 192.168.1.0/26, then we will have 4 subnets. The given Subnet was 24 and our new subnet is 26. 26-24=2 and 2^2=4 subnets.192.168.1.0/26192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.128/26192.168.1.192/26We will use the first one for the Subnet 2. (192.168.1.0/26)Now, for the first and third subnet, let’s use the second block (192.168.1.64/26) and divide it again.If we divide it by borrowing a bit again, then we will have two subnets.192.168.1.64/27192.168.1.96/27We can use these two Prefixes for first and second subnet.And lastly, for the small subnet, we can use
2025-04-19Descripción del Emulador de Calculadora TI WabbitemuWabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64 bits) es una aplicación gratuita para Windows desarrollada por BuckeyeDude. Pertenece a la categoría de Calculadoras y Convertidores. Este emulador permite a los usuarios simular calculadoras de Texas Instruments en sus sistemas Windows, proporcionando una plataforma virtual para fines educativos y profesionales.Con Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator, los usuarios pueden experimentar la funcionalidad de las calculadoras TI sin necesidad de un dispositivo físico. Este software es beneficioso para estudiantes, educadores y profesionales que dependen de las calculadoras TI para su trabajo o estudios. Su versión de 64 bits garantiza compatibilidad con los sistemas operativos Windows modernos, ofreciendo una herramienta conveniente y accesible para diversos cálculos matemáticos.Programa disponible en otros idiomasWabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) 다운로드 [KO]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) bezpieczne pobieranie [PL]Télécharger Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) [FR]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) download [PT]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) تنزيل [AR]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) Скачать [RU]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit)下载 [ZH]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) Download [DE]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) download [EN]Ladda ner Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) [SV]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) download [NL]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) โปรแกรมดาวน์โหลด [TH]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) tải về [VI]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit)ダウンロード [JA]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) Unduh [ID]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) indir [TR]Wabbitemu TI Calculator Emulator (64-bit) scarica [IT]Descubre más programasÚltimos artículosLas leyes que rigen el uso de este software varían de un país a otro. Ni fomentamos ni aprobamos el uso de este programa si
2025-04-22Equals of IP address and Subnet and use AND again.IP Add : 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110010SubM : 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100AND : 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110000The result of AND operation is the Network Address. This is 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110000 in binary. The decimal value of this is 10.128.240.48.Here, the last two bits are host bits and the other bits are network bits. When we set all the host bits with 1s, we will find the Broadcast Address. This is 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110011 in binary. The decimal value is 10.128.240.51.The middle addresses can be used for hosts. These addresses are 10.128.240.49 and 10.128.240.50.Network Address : 10.128.240.48Host Addresses : 10.128.240.49 and 10.128.240.50Broadcast Address : 10.128.240.51/30 addresses are generally used in Service Provider Networks. So, you can work with /30 too much in the future.Subnetting Example 3Now, let’s do a comparison example and see the benefits of Subnetting.Think about 172.16.100.0/24 prefix and 172.16.100.0/28 prefix. As you can see, the only difference is Subnet Mask. In the first prefix, first 24 bits is network bits and the last 8 bits (32-24) are the host bits. In the second prefix, first 28 bits are network bits and the last 4 bits (32-28) are host bits.Let’s firstly talk about the first Prefix. We will write the IP Address and the Subnet Mask of this Prefix in binary format:172.16.100.0 = 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000255.255.255.0 =11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000When we use AND operation, our network address is 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 (the same as the IP showed in prefix by change). This is 172.16.100.0 .And the Broadcast address is 172.16.100.255. The other 254 IP addresses are host IP addresses.172.16.100.1172.16.100.2….172.16.100.254For the first prefix, we have only one network that has 254 hosts.Now, let’s check the second prefix. 172.16.100.0 /28.172.16.100.0 = 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000255.255.255.240 =11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000When we use AND operation here, our network address will be the same, in binary 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 or in decimal 172.16.100.0. But our Broadcast address will change, because our host bits are only the last 4 bits anymore.10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 network address (172.16.100.0)10101100.00010000.01100100.00001111 broadcast address (172.16.100.15)This is for the first network. We divide the network by using higher Subnet Mask. So, let’s look at the other networks:10101100.00010000.01100100.0001000010101100.00010000.01100100.0010000010101100.00010000.01100100.0011000010101100.00010000.01100100.01000000….10101100.00010000.01100100.11110000As you can see, we have 16 networks. We have devide a Prefix, into smaller 16 different Prefix. Eaach of these Prefix has 14 host address, 1 broadcast address and 1 network address.So, if we use a given address with a higher Subnet Mask value like given in the second example, we will have more networks. In other words, we can divide the network into smaller pieces. So, we will not waste the IP Addresses. Smaller networks that has few hosts do not need more addresses. With Subnetting, using a small network with few host addresses is a way of best practice of a network engineer.Before the usage of an IP Prefix, it is better to check
2025-04-14Bitrate Calculator If you can't view the Java calculator applet install Suns Java plugin. Download Download this Bitrate Calculator here so you can use it offline, extract all files to a folder and open the BitrateCalc.html with any web browser. If you can't view the Java calculator applet install Suns Java plugin. What's new 2004.01.12 Added DVD9, DVD14, DVD18, DVD1, DVD2, DVD3, DVD5 under DVDs. Added Video size, MPEG/Authoring overhead, Audio size, ISO and Total size under advanced mode. Compiled it as one jar file instead of several class files. How To - Choose video type under Type. - Type in the length of your videoclip. - Select how many CDs or DVDs and what kind of media you are going to use. - Select the audio bitrate you are going to use. - Now copy the Calculated Bitrate, it is the Video Bitrate you are going to use in your Encoder. - Launch your favorite encoder(TMPGEnc!) and set the video Bitrate to the Calculate Bitrate. (Be sure to either use CBR or VBR multipass encoding). If you are thinking of adding still images, menus, motion menus and extra subtitles and such you must add a few extra MBs to the other ISO files (click on advanced) or lower the calculated bitrate some bits or else it wont fit. *CBR = Constant Bitrate *VBR = Variable Bitrate Advanced settings Click on Advanced Mode to access some advanced settings: Custom CD/DVD Size - Define a custom size in MB. Bps - Calculate with 1 kbit = 1000 bits or 1 kbit = 1024 bits, most encoders uses 1 kbit=1000 bits today. Custom audio size - Defina a custom audio bitrate. Tracks - Extra audio tracks, useful if making SVCD or DVD with several audio tracks. ISO - Define how many MB you wanna leave for extra iso files, default is 5 MB for SVCD/CVD/XVCDs, 25 MB for DVDs and 5 MB for DivX. If you want more data files/iso files then increase this value. Calculated Bitrate - Type in a bitrate and the calculator will calculate the total size. Video size - The total video size MPEG/Author Overhead - The total overhead size, it is some extra megabytes that get added when authoring and encoding the video to SVCD and DVD. Audio size - The total audio size ISO - The total ISO size Total - The total size Manually calculate
2025-04-07Set to 1110, while the remaining bits are used to identify the multicast group.In binary notation, a Class D address has the format:The X bits represent the multicast group ID. On the other hand, the first octet sets the first four bits to 1111, which identifies a Class E address. Moreover, future use or experimental purposes reserve the Class E addresses.In binary notation, a Class E address has the format:3. Understanding Subnet MasksBefore we dive into figuring out the subnet ID and host ID, let’s first understand subnet masks. A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that is used to divide an IP address into two parts: the network ID and the host ID.The subnet mask consists of a series of 1s and 0s. The 1s indicate which bits in the IP address belong to the network ID, while the 0s indicate which bits belong to the host ID. For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 means that the first three IP address octets belong to the network ID, while the last octet belongs to the host ID. The following table summarises the subnet mask for each class.ClassDefault Subnet MaskCIDR NotationUsable IPs per NetworkA255.255.255.0/24254B255.255.0.0/1665,534C255.0.0.0/816,777,214The CIDR notation is a shorthand way of representing the subnet mask, where the number after the slash (/) represents the number of bits used for the network ID.The number of available IP addresses per network decreases as the subnet mask gets larger (i.e., fewer bits for the host ID). However, the number of available networks increases.
2025-04-01